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In 1935 German airmen used planes much the same as had been used by their fathers in 1918 by the end of World War I. Hitler’s reign from 1933 to 1945 was a period of unusual, prolific advances in aircraft design. The German Luftwaffe saw unparalleled changes in the design and use of aircraft. Weapons are now too expensive, large and complicated to ever be treated with the same degree of experiment as they were then. The Second World War provided an arena for the airplane to prove its deadly worth, and such a period may never recur. The period 1939–1945, an era of rapid change and experiments, is still of great fascination for the student of weapons in general and military aircraft more particularly. The introduction of strategic long-range bombers also helped to initiate “total war” involving civilians as industrial weapons producers and therefore as targets. On the battlefield, the aircraft became critical to intelligence, reconnaissance and artillery direction, and soon for ground-support operations and bombing raids. Demanding resources and technical and financial investment on a whole new scale, the expansion of military activity in the sky also fundamentally changed the nature of war itself. Introduction One of the most significant innovations in warfare has certainly been the appearance of air power during the First World War (1914– 1918).
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A special thanks to Dan Johnson’s internet site (and his team of computer artists, who were of great help providing data and inspiration for the illustrations for the sections about German experimental and jet aircrafts. 397Īcknowledgments My gratitude to Jeannette and Jan à Stuling, Eltjo de Lang and Ben Marcato, Wim Wiese, and Peter De Laet. McFarland & Company, Inc., Publishers Box 611, Jefferson, North Carolina 28640 Table of Contents Acknowledgments. On the cover: Digital illustration by Jerry Boucher of two Messerschmitt Bf 109E-7Bs during the 1941 Balkans Campaign (Manufactured in the United States of America All rights reserved No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying or recording, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. World War, 1939–1945-Aerial operations, German. Airplanes, Military-Germany-History-20th century. Includes bibliographical references and index. Aircraft of the Luftwaffe, ¡935–¡945 : an illustrated guide / Jean-Denis G.G. LIBRARY OF CONGRESS CATALOGUING-IN-PUBLICATION DATA Lepage, Jean-Denis. McFarland & Company, Inc., Publishers Jefferson, North Carolina, and London LEPAGE AND FROM MCFARLAND Hitler Youth, 1922–1945: An Illustrated History (2009) The French Foreign Legion: An Illustrated History (2008) German Military Vehicles of World War II: An Illustrated Guide to Cars, Trucks, Half-Tracks, Motorcycles, Amphibious Vehicles and Others (2007) The Fortifications of Paris: An Illustrated History (2006) Medieval Armies and Weapons in Western Europe: An Illustrated History (2005) Castles and Fortified Cities of Medieval Europe: An Illustrated History (2002)Īircraft of the Luftwaffe, 1935–1945 An Illustrated Guide JEAN-DENIS G.G. His personal recollections relating to the events during and after his tenure (he left Hungary for England in June, 1946) have been used to some extent in this study, especial ly in Chapter X.ALSO BY JEAN-DENIS G.G. He resigned from the former post in 1939, and was ousted from the second when German troops occupied Hungary in March, 1944. From 1934 until 1944 he served in the Hungarian Ministry of Education in Budapest and headed for some years the department for the schooling of national minorities and also the department in charge of Hungary's cultural inter change. In fact, he himself had a small part in the events which he at tempts to analyze here. He also attended the annual con vention of the Danube Swabians in July, 1964 in VIm, Germany.
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Research for this study was done in 1964 in Hungary, Yugoslavia, Austria and the Federal Republic of Germany, in which countries the author contacted persons of competence and made use of archives and other sources. The people in question are the Danube Swabians, German populations who were so called because of their habitat in the middle Danube region of east-central and south-eastern Europe. SPINOZA This monograph is an attempt to present some information on the fabric and patterns of an ethnic minority group whose destiny was totally deflected by Hitler and his war. Sedulo curavi humanas actiones non rid ere, non lugere, neque detestari, sed intelligere.